District- State- Makran- Pakistan
Inventors - Origin Style and George Dales
Year- 1927-62
Remains - port for foreign trade, relics of horses
Town and building design: -
The town formation of each place was a summons. The three-tiered building structure was seen. Only in Dholavira was a three-tiered town formed.
There was always a fort built and the ruler's house on this fort while the lower level of the fort was the house of a common citizen. To the east lived the house of the common man and to the west lived the house of the ruler. This type of town formation is called "grid system".
The ruler's house had 2 to 5 rooms while the common man's house had 1 to 2 rooms. The structure of a two-story building can be seen.
The town roads were 40 feet wide and intersected at right angles. Roads were being cleared automatically due to the breeze.
Pits were found parallel to both sides of the road so it is believed to be a streetlight.
The doors of the building were always tucked inside. The houses had bathrooms and sewers. The stone was used to cover the gutter. Wells, pantries, terraces, kitchens were found in the houses of the rulers.
The doors of the building always opened to the east.
Economic status: -
The people here do not do agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, sculpture.
They used wheat and barley for food in agriculture. Also rye, peas, sesame, mustard.
The cultivation of cotton was mainly. Cotton farming is a gift of Indus civilization to the world.
Honey was used for dessert.
In animal husbandry they raised sheep, goats, buffaloes, donkeys, camels, chickens, cats and dogs.
Shell inscriptions and sculptures were carved out of Materakota stone.
In addition to copper statues, artisans also made copper weapons such as axes, saws, chappas and spears.
The ivory carving, agate industry developed.
"Bat" weights were found which worked in multiples of 16 such as, 16, 64, 160, 320. In addition, there was the practice of barter.
The art of shipbuilding also developed.
Social status: -
According to one estimate from the numerous idols found of women, this society had a female minister.
The society consisted mainly of priests, artisans, peasants and merchants. If the main class artisan.
Both men and women wore cotton and wool. Kept long hair. And also wore ornaments.
The utensils of the Harappan members initially used black clay and later red clay. These vessels depict trees, circles and men.
They used three-wheeled and four-wheeled bullock carts for transportation.
For fun they hunt, fish, fight animals and play dice.
Prostitution and prostitution were prevalent.
Religious status: -
Worshiped nature and worshiped the pipal tree.
According to an idol, a tree came out of a woman's womb and was worshiped. So according to that the woman is supposed to be Mother Earth.
It is believed that the bath at Mohenjo-daro was used for religious purposes.
An idol of Lord Pashupatinath is said to have been found sitting in a yoga posture and wearing a crown with one horn and the animals next to it were a rhino, a tiger, an elephant, a buffalo and two deer at its feet.
Yagnakunds and fire altars were found, according to which yagnas were performed here.
There were different customs in different areas. This was given as cremation to bury the deceased. Believed in rebirth.
The script with 400 pictures has not been solved yet but it proves that they will be educated in Thai. The script was written from left to right.
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